Growing Information

Growing zone guide
Growing Zone Zone 2, Zone 3, Zone 4, Zone 5, Zone 6, Zone 7, Zone 8
Sunlight Bright light to partial shade
Type of Soil Slightly acidic to neutral
Mature Height 6 to 9 feet
Maintenance Level Low maintenance
Water Requirement Moderate watering (once a week)

Learn more about this plant

Additional Information
Growth Rate

Fast-growing2–3 feet per year under ideal conditions.

Colorful Leaves Yes
Flowering Yes
Bloom Color White
Ornamental Berries White berries
Disease resistant Yes
Cold Tolerant Yes
Heat Tolerant Yes
Drought Tolerant No
Deer Resistant No
Edible No
Wildlife Attraction
  • Flowers attract pollinators like bees and butterflies.
  • Berries are eaten by birds.
  • Provides for wildlife.



Self-pollinating Cross-pollinating
Seasonality
  • Spring: Flowering
  • Summer: Green foliage, developing berries
  • Fall: Foliage turns reddish-purple
  • Winter Bright red stems provide striking seasonal interest




Ideal For
  • Naturalized and native plant gardens
  • Rain gardens, stream banks, and erosion control
  • Wildlife gardens (provides food and cover)
  • Winter interest with its striking red stems
Leaf Description
  • Oval, dark green leaves with noticeable veins.
  • Fall color can be reddish-purple depending on the cultivar.


Flower Description
  • Small, creamy white clusters bloom in late spring to early summer.
  • Not particularly showy but important for pollinators.


Pruning & Maintenance
  • Prune in late winter or early spring to promote vibrant red stem color (newer stems are brightest).
  • Can be cut back to the ground every 2–3 years ("rejuvenation pruning").
  • Remove older, dull-colored stems annually to encourage fresh growth.



Water Needs
  • Moisture-loving; thrives in wet soils, but tolerates seasonal dryness once established.
  • Great for and streambanks.


Light Needs

Full sun to part shade

Harvesting

Cut stems in late fall or winter for use in decorative arrangements or floral displays.

Fertilizing
  • Apply compost or a slow-release, balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) in early spring if growth is weak.
  • Generally not fertilizer-dependent when planted in good soil.


Additional Care Tips N/A
Pollination
  • Insect-pollinated (primarily bees).
  • Flowers are self-fertile, but insect activity improves fruit production.
Companion Plants

Moisture-loving native plants:

  • Iris versicolor (Blue Flag Iris)
  • Carex spp. (Sedges)
  • Eutrochium (Joe-Pye Weed)
  • Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry)
  • Physostegia virginiana


Flowering and Seasonality
  • Spring: Flowering
  • Summer: Green foliage, developing berries
  • Fall: Foliage turns reddish-purple
  • Winter Bright red stems provide striking seasonal interest




  • Small, creamy white clusters bloom in late spring to early summer.
  • Not particularly showy but important for pollinators.


Pet Friendly

Yes

Growing Zone
  • Zone 2
  • Zone 3
  • Zone 4
  • Zone 5
  • Zone 6
  • Zone 7
  • Zone 8

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