Growth Rate
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– Moderate; reaches mature height (about 18–24") within 1–2 seasons
– Non-invasive, clump-forming habit |
Colorful leaves
|
|
Flowering
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Yes |
Bloom Color
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|
Disease resistant
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No |
Cold Tolerant
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Yes |
Heat Tolerant
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No |
Drought Tolerant
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No |
Deer Resistant
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Yes |
Edible
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No |
Wildlife Attraction
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– Bees and pollinators are drawn to its early-season nectar
– Deer and rabbit resistant thanks to coarse texture and unpalatable foliage |
Self-pollinating
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|
Seasonality
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– Spring: Fresh green foliage emerges
– Summer: White blooms appear early; plumes last several weeks
– Fall: Foliage turns yellow or bronze before going dormant
– Winter: Dormant; dry flower stalks may persist if not removed |
Ideal For
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– Woodland gardens – borders – water edges |
Leaf Description
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– Deep green, fern-like foliage with fine serration
– Forms a tidy, bushy mound
– Bronze tint may appear on emerging spring growth
– Holds up well throughout the season, even after bloom |
Flower Description
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– Dense, upright plumes of bright white flowers
– Flowering begins early to mid-summer (typically June to early July)
– Strong stems resist flopping
– Flowers are excellent for fresh-cut or dried arrangements |
Planting Instructions
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– Best planting time: Early spring or early fall
– Soil: Requires moist, well-drained, rich soil rich in organic matter
– Soil prep: Amend heavy clay or sandy soils with compost, leaf mold, or peat moss
– Spacing: Plant 16–20 inches apart to allow full spread and airflow
– Depth: Place crown just at soil level – do not plant too deeply
– Mulch: Apply a 2–3" mulch to retain moisture and moderate temperature |
Pruning & Maintenance
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– Deadhead flower stalks after bloom if desired for tidiness
– Foliage can be left for structure through summer and removed in late fall or early spring
– Divide clumps every 3–4 years to rejuvenate bloom strength and manage size |
Water Needs
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– Requires consistent soil moisture—do not allow to dry out
– Water deeply once or twice per week in dry spells
– Ideal for moist borders, woodland beds, and rain gardens |
Light Needs
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– Performs best in part shade to full shade
– Can tolerate morning sun or full sun in cooler northern zones if kept consistently moist
– Avoid afternoon sun in hot climates to prevent leaf scorch |
Harvesting
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– Cut flower stalks when plumes are 50–75% open for longest vase life
– Hang upside down in a cool, dry location if drying
– Not harvested for culinary or medicinal purposes |
Fertilizing
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– In spring, apply a slow-release balanced fertilizer or compost topdressing
– Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers that promote leafy growth over blooms
– Regular mulching will support nutrient retention and soil health |
Pollination
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– Self-pollinating
– Flowers attract bees, hoverflies, and some butterflies
– Seed production is minimal; plants are usually propagated by division |
Companion Plants
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– Heuchera, Hosta, Tiarella, Pulmonaria, Brunnera, Ferns, Ligularia
– Ideal beneath shrubs like Hydrangea arborescens, Cornus sericea, or Viburnum nudum
– Beautiful paired with dark-leaved perennials for contrast or silver-foliaged shade plants |