Growth Rate
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– Moderate; reaches mature size in 1–2 growing seasons
– Mature height: 24–30 inches in bloom, foliage mound around 18 inches tall
– Neat, upright, clump-forming growth habit |
Colorful leaves
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|
Flowering
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Yes |
Bloom Color
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Disease resistant
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Yes |
Cold Tolerant
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Yes |
Heat Tolerant
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No |
Drought Tolerant
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No |
Deer Resistant
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Yes |
Edible
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No |
Wildlife Attraction
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– Attracts bees and pollinating insects during bloom
– Foliage is deer and rabbit resistant |
Self-pollinating
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Seasonality
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– Spring: New foliage emerges and forms lush mounds
– Summer: Blooms from July to early August
– Fall: Foliage may fade to yellow or bronze
– Winter: Dormant; spent plumes can provide off-season structure |
Ideal For
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– Woodland borders – moist shade beds – containers – floral arrangements |
Leaf Description
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– Dark green, coarsely divided, fern-like leaves
– Slight bronze tint on new foliage in spring
– Provides strong texture and contrast in shade gardens, even when not in bloom
– Sturdy mound holds shape well throughout the growing season |
Flower Description
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– Tall, upright creamy ivory-white plumes
– Stems are strong and upright, preventing flop even after rain
– Blooms in mid-summer (typically July) and lasts several weeks
– Excellent for fresh-cut or dried floral arrangements |
Planting Instructions
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– Best time to plant: Early spring or fall, in cool and moist conditions
– Soil: Rich, moisture-retentive, slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 5.8–6.5)
– Site prep: Work compost or organic matter into planting area for best root establishment
– Planting depth: Set crown just at soil level—do not bury
– Spacing: Space plants 18–24 inches apart for airflow and full spread
– Mulch: Use organic mulch to retain moisture and cool the root zone |
Pruning & Maintenance
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– Deadhead flowers once they fade if desired for neatness
– Alternatively, leave plumes for autumn structure and winter interest
– Cut back entire plant in late fall or early spring before new growth appears
– Divide every 3–4 years to refresh vigor and prevent overcrowding |
Water Needs
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– Requires even moisture, especially during hot, dry periods
– Not drought-tolerant—supplement with watering if natural rainfall is insufficient
– Ideal for moist borders, stream banks, shaded water features, or rain gardens |
Light Needs
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– Thrives in part shade to full shade
– Tolerates morning sun if soil is kept consistently moist
– In hot climates, protect from direct afternoon sun to avoid leaf scorch |
Harvesting
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– Cut flower stems when plumes are 50–75% open for longest vase life
– Hang upside down to dry in cool, shaded area for arrangements
– Not used for culinary or herbal purposes |
Fertilizing
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– In spring, apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or organic compost
– Avoid high-nitrogen blends which may increase foliage growth at the expense of flowers
– Reapply mulch each spring to enrich soil naturally |
Pollination
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– Self-pollinating, visited by bees, flies, and small butterflies
– Seed production is possible but not typically used for propagation
– Preferred method: clump division |
Companion Plants
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– Excellent with other shade-lovers: Hosta, Heuchera, Tiarella, Ferns, Pulmonaria, Brunnera
– Pairs well with dark-leaved plants like Actaea or Ligularia for contrast
– Combines beautifully with Hydrangea, Rodgersia, or Astilbe 'Vision in Pink' in massed plantings |