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Growth Rate
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Moderate; grows steadily into a compact, rounded mound
Typically reaches 24–36 inches tall and wide at maturity
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Colorful leaves
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Flowering
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Yes |
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Bloom Color
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Ornamental Berries
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Disease resistant
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Yes |
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Cold Tolerant
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Yes |
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Heat Tolerant
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Yes |
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Drought Tolerant
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No |
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Deer Resistant
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Yes |
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Edible
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No |
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Wildlife Attraction
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- Flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators
Berries provide seasonal interest but are not a primary food source for birds
Dense foliage offers cover for small wildlife
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Self-pollinating
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Seasonality
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Spring: foliage emerges, preparing for summer flowering
Summer: bright yellow blooms attract pollinators
Fall: flowers give way to clusters of round, shiny red berries
Winter: berries persist for a time; foliage remains semi-evergreen in mild climates
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Ideal For
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– Mixed borders, low hedges, mass plantings, containers, cut flower and berry arrangements, pollinator-friendly gardens |
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Leaf Description
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Oval, glossy green leaves forming a dense, compact shrub
Foliage provides a clean, attractive backdrop for flowers and berries
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Flower Description
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- Bright yellow, star-shaped flowers with prominent stamens appear in summer
Flowers are showy and abundant, contrasting beautifully with the glossy foliage
Followed by decorative berries that extend seasonal interest
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Planting Instructions
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- Plant in well-drained, moderately fertile soil; tolerates sandy or clay soils if drainage is good
Space plants 24–36 inches apart; forms compact, rounded shrubs
Plant crown level with soil surface and water thoroughly after planting
Best planted in spring or early fall for establishment before temperature extremes
Mulch with compost or bark to conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds
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Pruning & Maintenance
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- Lightly prune in early spring to shape and remove dead or weak stems
After flowering, spent stems can be trimmed back to encourage fresh growth
Avoid heavy pruning into old wood, which reduces vigor
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Water Needs
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Average moisture needs; water regularly during establishment
Once established, moderately drought tolerant but performs best with consistent moisture
Avoid prolonged sogginess, which may cause root issues
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Light Needs
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- Full sun to partial shade; blooms and berry color are best in full sun
Tolerates light shade, especially in hot summer regions
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Harvesting
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Berries are highly valued for use in cut flower arrangements and floral designs
Harvest when berries are fully colored and firm
Flowers can also be cut for decorative use, though berries are the main ornamental feature
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Fertilizing
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Low fertilizer needs; apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring
A light top-dressing of compost each year supports berry production and foliage health
Avoid heavy feeding, which encourages excess foliage at the expense of flowers and berries
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Pollination
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- Insect-pollinated; bees are frequent visitors to flowers
Produces abundant berries after pollination
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Companion Plants
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Pairs well with ornamental grasses (Calamagrostis, Panicum, Stipa)
Complements summer perennials such as Rudbeckia, Echinacea, Nepeta, and Coreopsis
Works well with fall-interest plants like Sedum and Asters to extend seasonal display
Effective as a low hedge, in mixed borders, or combined with evergreens for year-round structure
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